PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.